Phonics Concepts
Click the ribbon to view a list of words for each quarter. For each unit there is also a short description of the concept and link to a word list for the unit.
If you download the Spelling City app for a mobile device or tablet, search for CCPS2NDGRADE to view the word lists for the year.
If you download the Spelling City app for a mobile device or tablet, search for CCPS2NDGRADE to view the word lists for the year.
First Quarter:
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- One syllable short vowel words with two and three blend
- A vowel is short when there is a consonant after the vowel. The consonant closed the vowel in making the vowel sound short.
- One syllable short vowel words with digraphs
- A digraph is two letters that make one sound. The digraphs we focus on in second grade are ch, th, wh, sh, ph, ck.
- The digraph ck is only used at the end of one syllable words, if there is a short vowel before the /k/ sound. If there is a /k/ sound after a consonant, then the letter k should be used. The letter k is also used if an e, i or y follows the /k/ sound.
- Trigraphs: -dge, -tch
- A trigraph is three letters that make one sound. The trigraph -tch is used after a short vowel, at the end of a one syllable word. The trigraph -dge is used after a short vowel, at the end of a one syllable word.
- One syllable words with -ff, -ll, -ss, -zz
- Bonus letters are used at the end of a one syllable word, after a short vowel. The letters that are bonuses are f, l, and s. The letter z is not always doubles.
- One syllable words with -ed, -es, -s, -ing endings
- the suffix -ed is has three different sounds. The suffix -ed makes the /d/ sound if the last sound in the base word is voiced, like in fill. You can fill your throat vibrating when you say a voiced sound and you hold your throat. The suffix -ed makes the /t/ sound if the last sound in the base word is unvoiced, like in pinch and fix. The suffix -ed makes the /id/ sound when the base word ends in a t or d.
- Multi-syllable words with short vowels, blends and digraphs
- When reading a word with multiple syllable, students are asked a series of questions to help break apart the words.
- How many vowels are there?
- Are the vowels together are part?
- Since the vowels are apart, how many consonants separate the vowel?
- At this point in time students are told that if there is only consonant between the two vowels, the word should be divided between the consonant and the second vowel. This will make the first vowel short. If there is two consonants between the vowels, the word is divided between the consonants.
- When reading a word with multiple syllable, students are asked a series of questions to help break apart the words.
- One syllable words with vce pattern
- A VCe word is a word where there is a vowel followed by a consonant and the letter e. In a VCe syllable, the vowel is long, but the e is silent.
- One and two syllable words with -ve rule
- The letter v hates to be at the "end of the line." When the letter v is heard at the end of the word, the letter e follows the v. Therefor if the letter e follows a v the vowel could be long or short.
Second Quarter
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- Multi-syllable words with the vce pattern
- If a word is multisyllabic, the VCe syllable is most likely the final syllable in the word. The exception being if a word is a compound word.
- Words with the soft and hard sounds for c and g
- The letter c and the letter g make two sounds each. The two sounds are referred as soft and hard sound. The hard sound is the sound you are most familiar with, /k/ and /g/. The soft sound for c is /s/ and the soft sound for g is /j/. The soft sound for both letters is used when a c or g is followed a the letters e, i or y.
- R-controlled vowels: or, a
- When the letters -ar are next to each other, the letter r controls the sound of the a. The same is true when -or are found next to each other.
- If the /or/ sound is found at the end of a word, an e follows the -or.
- When the letters -ar are next to each other, the letter r controls the sound of the a. The same is true when -or are found next to each other.
- R-controlled Vowels: er, ir, ur
- The letter combinations -er, -ir, and -ur all make the same r-controlled sound or /er/.
- There is not a specific rule for when to use one spelling options versus another unless the er sound is at the end of a multisylabic word like in brother. When a sound has spelling options, one should referee a spelling resource such as mini dictionaries or sound spelling cards to learn the correct spelling of the word. In class, students will be shown how to use kid friendly dictionaries.
- Open Syllables
- An open syllable refers to a syllable where the vowel is not closed in by a consonant. Since a consonant does not close in the vowel, the vowel makes the long vowel sound. Some examples of words with open syllables are: hi, me, open, return, funny.
- An open syllable refers to a syllable where the vowel is not closed in by a consonant. Since a consonant does not close in the vowel, the vowel makes the long vowel sound. Some examples of words with open syllables are: hi, me, open, return, funny.
- Long a spelled ai, ay
- While there is not a specific rule for when to use the vowel team ai verus a_e, the vowel team ay is only found at the end of the word or syllable.
- Long e spelled ea, ee
- There is not a specific rule for when to use one spelling options versus another. When a sound has spelling options, one should referee a spelling resource such as mini dictionaries or sound spelling cards to learn the correct spelling of the word. In class, students will be shown how to use kid friendly dictionaries.
Third Quarter
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- Long o spelled oa, ow
- Both oa and ow vowel teams can be used the middle of the word or syllable. Only the ow vowel team can be used at the end of the word. Generally, oa is used more often in the middle of the syllable than ow.
- Long u spelled u, ue, ew
- The ew and ue vowel team can be used at the end of the syllable. The vowel team ue can also be used in the middle of the word or syllable. Students will also be exposed to the ou vowel team, which also makes the long u sound. This vowel team will not be on the dictation portion of the assessment.
- Long i spelled ie, igh, y
- The vowel team ie is used at the end of the word on a select number of words and makes the long i sound, as well as the long e sound. The vowel team igh is used at the end of the word or syllable, but can also be used in the middle of the word or syllable. When igh is used in the middle of the word or syllable, it often is followed by the letter t. The letter y makes the long i sound when it is used at the end of a one syllable word.
- /oi/ spelled oi, oy
- The vowel team oy is only used at the end of the word or syllable. While the vowel team oi is used in the middle of the word or syllable.
- The vowel team oy is only used at the end of the word or syllable. While the vowel team oi is used in the middle of the word or syllable.
- Two sounds for oo (moon versus book)
- The vowel team oo has multiple sounds. The vowel team is found in the middle of the word or syllable, not matter what sound it makes.
- The vowel team oo has multiple sounds. The vowel team is found in the middle of the word or syllable, not matter what sound it makes.
- /ou/ spelled ou, ow
- Both ou and ow can be used in the middle of the word or syllable. The vowel team ow can also be used at the end of the word or syllable.
- Long e spelled ie, ey, y
- Both ie and ey are vowel teams that make the long e sound, along with the letter y. All three can be used at the end of the word. However, the letter y only makes the long e sound at the end of a multisyllabic word. The vowel team ie can also be used in the middle of the word or syllable.
- Both ie and ey are vowel teams that make the long e sound, along with the letter y. All three can be used at the end of the word. However, the letter y only makes the long e sound at the end of a multisyllabic word. The vowel team ie can also be used in the middle of the word or syllable.
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Fourth Quarter
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- /aw/ spelled au, aw
- The vowel team aw is mainly used at the end of the word or syllable, but sometimes in the middle. While the vowel team au is only used in the middle of the word or syllable. Unless told otherwise, students should use au in the middle.
- The vowel team aw is mainly used at the end of the word or syllable, but sometimes in the middle. While the vowel team au is only used in the middle of the word or syllable. Unless told otherwise, students should use au in the middle.
- Two sounds for ea
- In addition to ea making the long e sound, ea also makes the short e sound.
- In addition to ea making the long e sound, ea also makes the short e sound.
- Words with cle syllable type
- The consonant le syllable is only found at the end of multisyllabic words.
- Closed syllable exceptions: -ild, -ind, -old, -olt, -ost
- A word is considered a closed syllable exception when the vowel makes the long vowel sound, even though the vowel is being closed in by a consonant and should make a short vowel sound.
- Silent consonant patterns
- Students will not be assessed on spelling words with silent letters, but will be required to read words with silent letters.
- Common prefixes (un-, re-, dis-, in, mis-, pre-)
Homework for 4th quarter
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